Kindly note that the following information is intended for use before travel.
Africa’s Eden Travel provides this information in good faith and the contents of this page are accurate at the time of writing. We strongly recommend seeking professional advice regarding travel advisories, vaccines and other up-to-date travel safety and health-related matters well in advance of any international travel.
Please check for the latest travel advisories or warnings before departing for your destination. The most up-to-date information is typically available at travel clinics and the relevant government departments in your country. Please check the pages about visa information and travelling with minors to ensure you have all required documentation in advance of travel.
Vaccination requirements for Southern Africa
We recommend visiting your health professional or travel clinic approximately six weeks before your intended journey. Discuss your travel plans and seek advice on the required and recommended vaccines for the country or countries you intend to visit.
Bear in mind that some vaccines may take several weeks to provide protection and, in some cases, people with certain health conditions may not be able to receive certain types of vaccines. If you have pre-existing health issues or have other related concerns, use this opportunity to get professional advice to avoid possible setbacks while you are travelling.
Travel & medical insurance for Southern Africa
All travellers should ensure they have adequate travel insurance. We encourage you to ensure that your insurance provides coverage for medical treatment and evacuation. Also, if you plan to participate in activities that could be considered high-risk, such as skydiving, it is suggested that you notify your insurance provider to avoid possible complications should you need to lodge a claim.
Personal safety in Southern Africa
From a personal safety perspective, travel to the countries of Southern Africa is generally considered safe, particularly in popular tourist destinations. With very few exceptions, these nations are politically stable. However, as with travel across the world, it is always wise to be aware of the current situation before travelling. This can be achieved by consulting the relevant government department in your country to find out about any travel advisories in place.
All of the countries in Southern Africa are classified as “developing”, with various socio-economic challenges including poverty and unemployment. As with all countries, crime levels vary although it should be said that the incidence of serious crimes are extremely low in the popular tourist areas.
Across the world, tourists are advised to practice vigilance in unfamiliar areas. Valuable items should not be openly displayed in public and stored securely wherever possible. Tourists should avoid venturing out alone, particularly after dark. Travel with copies of all your important travel documents and ideally store digital copies that would be accessible even if you lose your device.
Angola
Botswana
Madagascar
Mozambique
Malawi
Namibia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
South Africa
FAQ
Angola
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Angola
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Angola before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Angola
Except for citizens of the United States of America, all visitors to Angola must be able to produce a yellow fever vaccination certificate on arrival. If a traveller has medical grounds for not being vaccinated against yellow fever, these must be certified by the appropriate authorities. Travellers in transit in Angola (Luanda) for less than twelve hours may be exempted. If in doubt, please speak to a travel or healthcare professional.
The risk of yellow fever transmission is prevalent throughout Angola, with the last outbreak occurring in 2016.
Proof of vaccination against yellow fever is mandatory for all visitors aged 9 months or over.
A yellow fever certificate is valid for life and cannot be rejected and boosters or revaccination are no longer required.
Some people react negatively to the yellow fever vaccines, with undesirable side effects reported. Ask your healthcare professional for more information to determine whether you might be at risk. If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of the yellow fever vaccine, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Angola
The following vaccines are recommended by health authorities for most visitors to Angola. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Angola
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to Angola, along with when the respective vaccine should be considered:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers.
Those adopting children from Angola.
Polio – Typically recommended for immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers, long-stay travellers and those visiting areas of poor sanitation. If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Angola, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Angola
Malaria is endemic across Angola throughout the year and it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Angola, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Health Risks When Travelling to Angola
Potential medical riisks for travellers to Angola include:
Altitude-related illness
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Mpox
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
Zika virus
COVID-19 and Travel to Angola
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Angola, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Botswana
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Botswana before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Botswana
The following certificate requirements may apply to travellers from certain countries or those who have recently travelled to countries where the risk of yellow fever transmission exists. Should you require further advice, please contact your healthcare professional.
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all visitors to Botswana (aged one year or more) arriving from, or via a country with the risk of yellow fever transmission.
Although there is a certificate requirement, there is no risk of yellow fever in Botswana.
The yellow fever certificate is valid for life and may no longer be rejected, nor may travellers be required to be revaccinated or get a booster.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of the yellow fever vaccine, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Botswana
The following vaccines are recommended by health authorities for most visitors to Botswana. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Botswana
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to Angola, along with when the respective vaccine should be considered:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care.
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers.
Those adopting children from Botswana.
Polio – Typically recommended for immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers, long-stay travellers and those visiting areas of poor sanitation. A polio-booster vaccine is also recommended if visiting Botswana for more than 4 weeks.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Botswana, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in Botswana for more than 90 days).
Unvaccinated individuals who may be in contact with TB patients or TB-infected material.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional. Furthermore, no other vaccines should be administered to the same limb for 3 months.
Booster doses are not recommended.
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Botswana
Malaria is endemic across northern Botswana – particularly from November to June, although the risk of infection persists at a lower level throughout the year. It is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Botswana, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Risks
Potential medical risks for travellers to Botswana include:
Biting insects or ticks
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
COVID-19
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Botswana, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Travelers’ Health
World Health Organization (WHO) – International Travel and Health
International Air Transport Association (IATA) – TravelCentre
Madagascar
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Madagascar
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Madagascar before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Certificate requirements
The following certificate requirements may apply to travellers from certain countries or those who have recently travelled to countries where the risk of yellow fever transmission exists. Should you require further advice, please contact your healthcare professional.
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Madagascar, however, a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate must be available for inspection on arrival in the country.
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all visitors to Madagascar (aged 9 months or older) arriving from, or via a country with the risk of yellow fever transmission.
The yellow fever certificate is valid for life and may no longer be rejected, nor may travellers be required to be revaccinated or get a booster.
Travellers visiting Madagascar for more than 4 weeks must be able to provide proof of polio vaccination in the form of an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), administered between 4 weeks and 12 months prior to departure from Madagascar. Failure to do so may result in vaccination on departure.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Madagascar
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to Madagascar. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Madagascar
The following vaccines are recommended for some visitors to Madagascar, as specified below:
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers (more than one month).
Those adopting children from Madagascar.
Polio – Typically recommended for immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers, long-stay travellers and those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
All travellers should have completed a polio vaccination course according to their country’s schedule.
A booster of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is recommended for individuals who have not had a vaccine within one year of departure from Madagascar:
Immunosuppressed people and their household members.
Pregnant women.
Those for whom a live oral polio vaccine is contraindicated.
Those staying in Madagascar for more than 4 weeks.
If visiting places of very poor hygiene or active cases.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Madagascar
Malaria is endemic across Madagascar, particularly from October to May. It is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Madagascar, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Risks
Potential medical risks for travellers to Madagascar include:
Altitude sickness
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
COVID-19
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Madagascar, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Madagascar
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across Madagascar. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile. If in doubt, seek immediate medical guidance.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa, including Madagascar:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Travelers’ Health
World Health Organization (WHO) – International Travel and Health
International Air Transport Association (IATA) – TravelCentre
Mozambique
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Mozambique
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Mozambique before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Mozambique
Please read carefully, as certificate requirements may apply to only certain travellers. If in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional:
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Mozambique. However, there is a vaccination requirement.
According to international regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from visitors over one year old arriving from or via an airport of a country with a risk of transmission.
Yellow fever certificates do not expire and booster doses are not required.
If visiting Mozambique for more than 4 weeks, proof of polio vaccination in the form of an International Certificate of Vaccine Prophylaxis (ICVP), issued between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure from Mozambique, may be required on departure from Mozambique. Failure to do so may result in vaccination on departure.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Mozambique
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to Mozambique. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Mozambique
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to Mozambique, along with when the respective vaccine should be considered:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care.
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers.
Those adopting children from Mozambique.
Polio – Typically recommended for:
Immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers.
Long-stay travellers (more than one month).
Those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
A polio-booster vaccine is also recommended if visiting Mozambique for more than 4 weeks.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Mozambique, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in Mozambique for more than 90 days).
Unvaccinated individuals who may be in contact with TB patients or TB-infected material.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional. Furthermore, no other vaccines should be administered to the same limb for 3 months.
Booster doses are not recommended.
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Mozambique
Malaria is endemic across Mozambique throughout the year – peaking from December to April – and it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Mozambique, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Risks
Potential medical risks for travellers to Mozambique include:
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
Mpox
COVID-19
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Mozambique, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Travelers’ Health
World Health Organization (WHO) – International Travel and Health
International Air Transport Association (IATA) – TravelCentre
Malawi
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Malawi
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Malawi before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Malawi
Please read carefully, as certificate requirements may apply to only certain travellers. If in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional:
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Malawi. However, there is a vaccination requirement.
According to international regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from visitors over one year old arriving from or via an airport of a country with a risk of transmission.
Yellow fever certificates do not expire and booster doses are not required.
If visiting Malawi for more than 4 weeks, proof of polio vaccination in the form of an International Certificate of Vaccine Prophylaxis (ICVP), issued between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure from Malawi, may be required on departure from Malawi. Failure to do so may result in vaccination on departure.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Malawi
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to Malawi. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Malawi
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to Malawi, along with who should consider getting the vaccine:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers (more than one month).
Those adopting children from Malawi.
Polio – Typically recommended for immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers, long-stay travellers and those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
All travellers should have completed a polio vaccination course according to their country’s schedule.
A booster of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is recommended for individuals who have not had a vaccine within one year of departure from Malawi:
Immunosuppressed people and their household members.
Pregnant women.
Those for whom a live oral polio vaccine is contraindicated.
Those staying in Malawi for more than 4 weeks.
If visiting places of very poor hygiene or active cases.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Malawi, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in Botswana for more than 90 days).
Unvaccinated individuals who may be in contact with TB patients or TB-infected material.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional. Furthermore, no other vaccines should be administered to the same limb for 3 months.
Booster doses are not recommended.
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Malawi
Malaria is endemic across Malawi throughout the year – peaking from November to April – and it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Malawi, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F or more)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Risks
Potential medical risks for travellers to Malawi include:
Altitude Sickness
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
COVID-19
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Malawi, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Namibia
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Malawi before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Namibia
Please read carefully, as certificate requirements may apply to only certain travellers. If in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional:
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Namibia. However, there is a vaccination requirement.
According to international regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from visitors over one year old arriving from or via an airport of a country with a risk of transmission.
Yellow fever certificates do not expire and booster doses are not required.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Namibia
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to Namibia. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Namibia
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Namibia, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in Namibia for more than 90 days).
Unvaccinated individuals who may be in contact with TB patients or TB-infected material.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional. Furthermore, no other vaccines should be administered to the same limb for 3 months.
Booster doses are not recommended.
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Namibia
Malaria is a risk in some parts of Namibia (in the north and northeast, particularly from November to June) and it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. In the rest of the country, the risk is low. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Namibia, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Risks
Potential medical risks for travellers to Namibia include:
Altitude
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
COVID-19
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Namibia, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Travelers’ Health
World Health Organization (WHO) – International Travel and Health
International Air Transport Association (IATA) – TravelCentre
Zambia
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Zambia
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Malawi before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Zambia
Please read carefully, as certificate requirements may apply to only certain travellers. If in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional:
There is a low risk of yellow fever transmission in Zambia. There is a vaccination requirement.
According to international regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from visitors over one year old arriving from or via an airport of a country with a risk of transmission.
Yellow fever certificates do not expire and booster doses are not required.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Zambia
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to Zambia. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Zambia
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to Zambia, along with when the respective vaccine should be considered:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care.
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers.
Those adopting children from Zambia.
Polio – Typically recommended for:
Immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers.
Long-stay travellers (more than one month).
Those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
A polio-booster vaccine is also recommended if visiting Zambia for more than 4 weeks.
Please note that if combining your visit to Zambia with one to Malawi, a polio vaccine is a requirement for entry into that country. Please see our Malawi Vaccine Page for further information.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Zambia, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in Zambia for more than 90 days).
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional.
Booster doses are not typically recommended.
Yellow Fever – Although there is a low risk of transmission in the area, vaccination is generally not recommended if visiting the northwest and western provinces.
Typically, only those between 9 and 60 years old are considered for vaccination if a) they will be in the area for a long period, b) there is likely to be heavy exposure to mosquito bites, and c) they cannot avoid mosquito bites.
Again, if you are not visiting the areas mentioned above, it is typically not a recommendation to be vaccinated.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Zambia
Malaria is endemic across Zambia throughout the year, with peak transmission occurring from November to April (the wet season). It is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Zambia, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Health Risks When Travelling to Zambia
Potential medical risks for travellers to Zambia include:
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
Zika virus
Mpox
COVID-19 and Travel to Zambia
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Zambia, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Travelers’ Health
World Health Organization (WHO) – International Travel and Health
International Air Transport Association (IATA) – TravelCentre
Zimbabwe
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to Zimbabwe
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in Zimbabwe before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to Zimbabwe
Please read carefully, as certificate requirements may apply to only certain travellers. If in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional:
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in Zimbabwe.
According to international regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from visitors over one year old arriving from or via an airport of a country with a risk of transmission.
Yellow fever certificates do not expire and booster doses are not required.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to Zimbabwe
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to South Africa. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to Zimbabwe
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to Zambia, along with when the respective vaccine should be considered:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care.
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers.
Those adopting children from Zambia.
Polio – Typically recommended for:
Immuno-suppressed, unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers.
Long-stay travellers (more than one month).
Those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to Zambia, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in Zambia for more than 90 days).
Unvaccinated individuals who may be in contact with TB patients or TB-infected material.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional. Furthermore, no other vaccines should be administered to the same limb for 3 months.
Booster doses are not recommended.
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in Zimbabwe
Malaria is endemic across Zimbabwe and it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting Zimbabwe, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Risks
Potential medical risks Risks for travellers to Zimbabwe include:
Altitude sickness
Biting insects or ticks
Dengue
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
COVID-19 and Travel to Zimbabwe
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to Zimbabwe, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Travelers’ Health
World Health Organization (WHO) – International Travel and Health
International Air Transport Association (IATA) – TravelCentre
South Africa
Health and Safety Recommendations for Travel to South Africa
All travellers
Ensure your routine vaccinations and boosters, as applicable in your country, are up to date. For example; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Find out if there is an active diphtheria outbreak in South Africa before travel. If so, seek vaccination guidance. Note, that when a tetanus booster is given, it is typically combined with diphtheria.
If you are at increased risk of an infectious disease due to your work, lifestyle choice or an underlying health condition, determine whether additional vaccines are necessary.
Vaccination Certificate Requirements for Travel to South Africa
Please read carefully, as certificate requirements may apply to only certain travellers. If in doubt, seek advice from a healthcare professional:
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in South Africa. However, there is a vaccination requirement.
According to international regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from visitors over one year old arriving from or via an airport of a country with a risk of transmission.
Yellow fever certificates do not expire and booster doses are not required.
If you have any questions about possible side effects as a result of these vaccines, please ask your healthcare professional.
Vaccines Recommended for Most Travellers to South Africa
These vaccines are recommended for most visitors to South Africa. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
Hepatitis A
Tetanus
Typhoid
Vaccines Recommended for Some Travellers to South Africa
Below is a list of vaccines recommended for certain travellers to South Africa, along with when the respective vaccine should be considered:
Cholera – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This typically includes:
Those visiting areas of active cholera outbreaks with limited safe water and access to medical care.
Those who are advised to be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B – Typically recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:
Those who may have unprotected sex.
Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
Those with pre-existing medical conditions.
Those who may be exposed to bodily fluids.
Those visiting relatives.
Long-stay travellers.
Those adopting children from South Africa.
Those participating in a contact sport.
Rabies – A preventative measure typically recommended by many health authorities for travellers to South Africa, especially if:
You will be in close proximity to domestic or wild animals.
Travelling to areas with limited access to medical care.
Planning high-risk activities.
Staying for more than one month.
Tuberculosis (TB) – For travellers, BCG vaccine is typically recommended for:
Unvaccinated children under 16 (Only if staying in South Africa for more than 90 days).
Unvaccinated individuals who may be in contact with TB patients or TB-infected material.
Note that the BCG vaccine has specific contraindications and should only be administered by a trained health professional. Furthermore, no other vaccines should be administered to the same limb for 3 months.
Booster doses are not recommended.
If you have been in contact with a TB patient or TB-infected material, then seek medical advice immediately about the requirement for vaccination or further testing.
Malaria Occurrence and Prevention in South Africa
Malaria occurs in parts of South Africa – in particular the low-lying areas of the provinces of Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Kwazulu-Natal. The peak malaria season is from September to May, although there is still a low risk throughout the year. It is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional regarding recommendations for an anti-malaria prophylaxis suitable for you. The most effective defence against malaria is to avoid being bitten. We recommend the frequent application of insect repellent, wearing light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers from sunset to sunrise and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Should you develop any of the following symptoms within a month of visiting South Africa, seek medical advice immediately:
Persistent high temperature (38°C/100°F)
Fever – sweats and chills.
Headaches and confusion
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Anaemia
Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Sore throat and/or cough.
Respiratory problems
Other Health Risks When Travelling to South Africa
Potential medical risks for travellers to South Africa include:
Altitude sickness
Biting insects or ticks
Influenza
Outdoor air quality
Schistosomiasis
COVID-19 and Travel to South Africa
While there are no active requirements for travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when travelling to South Africa, as with all countries, there is a risk of transmission. Speak to your healthcare professional for further guidance.
General Health Tips When Travelling to Southern Africa
Vaccinations – Ensure vaccines are up-to-date and consider getting the vaccines recommended above.
Malaria – Seek advice regarding prophylaxis. Apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and sleep under a mosquito net.
Water Safety – Drink only treated or bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and unwashed raw foods.
Food Hygiene – Ensure food is properly prepared and cooked.
Sun Protection – Use sunscreen, wear a hat and stay hydrated.
Health Insurance – Obtain comprehensive travel health insurance which includes cover for medical repatriation.
Personal Medication – Carry sufficient prescription medication (and a copy of your prescriptions) for the duration of your travels.
HIV/AIDS – There is a high prevalence of HIV across southern Africa. Practise safe sex. Ensure medical equipment is sterile.
Local Health Services – Source reliable health services, if available.
Useful Links
Here is a list of websites that contain useful information about traveller health when visiting countries in Southern Africa:
The following questions are commonly asked by prospective visitors to countries within Southern Africa:
1. What vaccines are generally recommended for travellers visiting Southern Africa?
Personalised Advice – Prospective travellers are advised to consult their own health care professional for personalised medical advice. The following should be considered as general information.
Routine Vaccinations – Ensure that you are up-to-date with routine vaccines, such as measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and varicella (chickenpox).
Additionally, it is typically recommended that travellers have themselves vaccinated against Hepatitis A & B, Typhoid and Rabies.
Although not a vaccine, it is also recommended that travellers seek guidance on malaria prophylaxis
2. Is the Yellow Fever vaccine required for entry into countries within Southern Africa?
Yes. Angola requires all visitors, except for United States citizens, to produce a yellow fever vaccination certificate as proof, as a condition of entry.
Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe all require visitors to produce yellow fever vaccination certificates on arrival if they have travelled from, or via a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission.
3. Do I need proof of Yellow Fever vaccination when travelling between Southern African countries?
With the exception of Angola, where all visitors bar citizens of the United States of America must have proof of vaccination, it is only necessary to provide proof if you are from or travelling via a country with the risk of yellow fever transmission.
4. Are there any specific vaccination requirements for children or pregnant women visiting Southern Africa?
Children – It is typically recommended that routine childhood vaccinations should be up-to-date. The yellow fever vaccine is required for children between 9 months and one year old depending on intended travel destinations. and older depending on intended travel destinations.
Pregnant women – Unless the risk of exposure to yellow fever is high, pregnant women are typically not advised to receive the yellow fever vaccine. It is always best to consult your healthcare professional or travel clinic for specific advice.
5. Is the Rabies vaccine recommended or required for travel to Southern Africa?
Yes, the rabies vaccine is recommended, though not required, and particularly if engaging in outdoor activities, visiting rural areas, interacting with animals or visiting for more than 30 days. The vaccine is particularly recommended for visitors to Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. However, it is not a vaccine requirement per se, in any of these countries.
6. Are there any vaccinations required for travellers visiting Southern Africa from Europe, North America, or Asia?
Visitors to Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique for more than 4 weeks must produce proof of vaccination against polio, in the form of an International Certificate of Vaccine Prophylaxis, issued between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure from these countries. Failure to do so may result in vaccination on departure.
7. How far in advance should I get vaccinated before my trip to Southern Africa?
Vaccines should typically be administered at least 4 to 6 weeks before travel to allow the vaccines to become effective. Vaccines like that for Hepatitis B require a series of shots given over 6 months. Prior planning is therefore recommended.
8. What are the risks of malaria in Southern Africa, and are there vaccines available?
Malaria Risk – Malaria exists in many areas across Southern Africa, and transmission rates tend to peak during the wet season. Ask your travel specialist for further information about your specific destination.
Vaccine – There is no malaria vaccine currently available to the general public. The most effective means of avoiding malaria is not to get bitten. Be sure to regularly apply insect repellent, wear long sleeves and trousers after dark, sleep under a mosquito net and burn a good quality citronella candle to reduce the risk of bites.
9. Is the Hepatitis A vaccine recommended for tourists visiting Southern Africa?
Yes. Due to the possibility of exposure through contaminated food and water, a Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended.
10. Is the Hepatitis B vaccine recommended for tourists visiting Southern Africa?
Yes. Especially those who are at risk due to prolonged stays, sexual contact or medical procedures.
11. Do I need a Typhoid vaccine for travel to Southern Africa?
Yes. This is typically recommended to those who are visiting rural areas or choose to eat food from street vendors.
12. What is the recommended vaccination protocol for tourists planning to visit wildlife reserves or national parks?
Ensure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date.
The rabies vaccine is recommended for those who will be in close contact with animals or staying in rural areas for prolonged periods.
Malaria prophylaxis is recommended in areas where malaria is present. Often these areas overlap with wildlife areas.
13. Can I get vaccinated upon arrival in Southern Africa, or must all vaccinations be done before departure?
Yes. However some vaccines require multiple shots, and in most cases, protection requires some time to develop. It is best to get vaccinated 4 to 6 weeks before travel.
14. What documentation or proof of vaccination should I carry with me when travelling between these Southern African countries?
For those visiting Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique, their International Certificate of Vaccine Prophylaxis should confirm receipt of the polio vaccine.
Only Angola requires all travellers, except citizens of the United States of America, to provide proof of vaccination. Most other countries in Southern Africa only require proof of vaccination where the visitor is from, or has travelled via a country where the risk of yellow fever transmission exists. Other vaccines, such as cholera and rabies are recommendations only.
Obtain an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis from an official vaccination centre in your home country.
This should detail vaccination against yellow fever for all Southern African countries.
15. Are there any new or emerging diseases in Southern Africa that travellers should be aware of and vaccinated against?
Mpox – Although very few cases have been reported in Southern Africa, authorities are monitoring the disease closely.
Emerging Diseases – Occasional outbreaks of infectious diseases do occur periodically. Keep updated by monitoring travel advisories and being vaccinated accordingly.
COVID-19 – Although there are no active travel advisories regarding COVID-19, there are ongoing localised risks and vaccination is strongly recommended.
16. Do I need to produce proof of a COVID-19 vaccination when visiting Southern Africa?
No. At present none of the countries in Southern Africa require proof of a COVID-19 vaccination. Monitor travel advisories in case of sudden changes worldwide.
